Updates are available Correction dated 2020-10-20

Article History

Received: 21 July 2019

Accepted: 2 April 2020

First Online: 7 May 2020

Change Date: 20 October 2020

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: 1. UK: Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Ethics Committee (OXTREC) (UK), 11th August 2008 (ref. 03402) 2. The Gambia: The Gambia Government/MRC Laboratories Joint Ethics Committee, 5th October 2005 (ref. L2005.91) 3. Kenya: KEMRI National Ethics Review Committee, 21st October 2005 (ref. KEMRI/RES/7/3/1) 4. Ghana: University of Science and Technology School of Medical Science, Committee on Human Research Publication and Ethics, 23rd January 2006 (ref. CHRPE/01/06) 5. Mozambique: Ministry of Health, Comité Nacional de Bioética para a saùde, 4th June 2007 (ref. IRB 00002657-105/CNBS/07) 6. Tanzania: Ministry of Health, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), 20th April 2007 (ref. NIMR/HQ/R.8c/ Vol. 1/22) 7. Uganda: Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Institutional Ethical Review Committee, 22nd August 2007 (ref. Dos 1/6) 8. Nigeria: University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ethical Review Committee, 26th October 2007 (ref. UITH/CAT/189/10/659) 9. Rwanda: Ministry of Health National Ethics Committee, 3rd April 2008 (ref. IRB 00001497 of IORG 0001100)All patients or their attendant relative or guardian gave fully informed written consent before enrolment into the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.