Astolfi, Roberta Corradi http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-9121
Leite, Maria Alvim
Papa, Cassio Henrique Gomide
Ryngelblum, Marcelo
Eisner, Manuel
Peres, Maria Fernanda Tourinho
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2016/222594)
Newton Fund (AF160099)
Article History
Received: 30 September 2020
Accepted: 1 September 2021
First Online: 19 September 2021
Declarations
:
: The project was approved by the Committee of Ethics and Research of the School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (process n. 1.719.856); by the National Commission on Ethics in Research (CONEP) (process n. 2.014.816); and by the Committee on Ethics in Research of the Institute of Criminology of the University of Cambridge. It was performed in accordance with the Education Department of the State of São Paulo (SEEP) and the Municipal Education Department of the Government of the City of São Paulo (SME/ SP).For selected schools that accepted to take part, written information was provided to parents or guardians through a letter and a folder with information on the research objectives, methodological procedures adopted, and possible risks for the participants, guarantee of anonymity and confidentiality and contact with the researchers. Additionally, the parents were invited to a face-to-face meeting with the research team in each of the schools, before applying the questionnaires, when the information was again given and doubts were clarified. Parents or guardians were informed that participation was voluntary and they could express their refusal to participate through direct communication with school principals, with the research team by telephone or email, or even at the face-to-face meeting or after it, at any time. For all participants, parental consent was in the form of not opting out. This procedure was adopted to minimize selection bias and was approved by the ethics committee, once risk involved for participating adolescents was considered low. Written informed consent was given to adolescents and read in their presence and only those who agreed to participate were included. In the questionnaire, schools and students are identified by a number, so that anonymity cannot be disrespected. Data will be used for research purposes only.
: Not applicable.
: The author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.