Funding for this research was provided by:
Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (2813FSNu01)
Article History
Received: 4 June 2019
Accepted: 1 November 2019
First Online: 21 November 2019
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Studies with observational data from human subjects that do not involve risks for study participants are exempt from requiring ethics approval at the University of Goettingen. In Kenya, we consulted with the University of Nairobi and the Kisii County Government Health Department; both confirmed that no ethics approval was required for this study. The household head of all participating households and, if not the same person, one parent of the participating child provided written informed consent. The household head’s spouse (or opposite sex adult) provided verbal informed consent to participate. Spouses in these rural settings are often not used to formal paperwork, so that verbal consent was considered more appropriate than written consent. Verbal consent was witnessed and formally recorded. International ethical guidelines were followed.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interest.