Awata, Norimasa
Hitosugi, Takashi http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3963-541X
Miki, Yoichiro
Tsukamoto, Masanori
Kawakubo, Yoshifumi
Yokoyama, Takeshi
Article History
Received: 6 May 2019
Accepted: 26 July 2019
First Online: 8 August 2019
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: All procedures performed in studies performing on a manikin model. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. For this type of study formal consent is not required. We consulted the IRB at Kyushu university, which confirmed that no formal written waiver for ethics approval was required, because of the design of the study. In addition, there was no written consent needed from three health care providers.
: Not applicable.
: All authors declare that they have no competing interests.