Liu, Senlin
Imad, Sewar
Hussain, Sarfraz
Xiao, Shuiqing
Yu, Xiaowei
Cao, Hui
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42077026, 41371262)
Article History
Received: 28 June 2023
Accepted: 11 December 2023
First Online: 23 January 2024
Declarations
:
: We confirm that the experimental protocol and the number of animals to be used were reviewed and approved by the Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of Nanjing Agricultural University (Approval No. 101056). All animal experiments followed the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) Ethical Guideline for Researchers, specific examples: (1)The use of animals in experimental research should be avoided wherever possible (Replacement). (2)When animal research is necessary, as few animals as possible should be used (Reduction). (3) The use of animals for necessary experimental research should be carried out to high quality standards, i.e. using optimal methods, in particular avoiding unnecessary pain (Refinement). The euthanasia of the frog was carried out in accordance with the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals (2020) to obtain microorganisms from the frog gut, see S2.5 LABORATORY FISH, AMPHIBIANS, AND REPTILES for specific regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.